Atrocidades de la Guerra Civil Española: El fusilamiento de "Las Trece Rosas" en 1939.
Atrocities of the Spanish Civil War: The Execution of the Thirteen Roses in 1939.
BY: YURY DE SANTOS
ADVISOR: DR. DONALDO URIOSTE
ABSTRACT.
This Capstone Project deals with the execution of 56 individuals by the Franco regime at the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Of those executed, thirteen were women, several of whom were considered to be minors, which in Spain was under the age of 21. Over time, these thirteen women have received the nicknames “las menores” (“the young women”) or “The Thirteen Roses,” the latter of which has been the preferred designation. These women experienced several years of progress under the Constitution of the Second Republic, which guaranteed equality for all, men as well as women. However, after having experienced independence and liberation during the Second Republic, under the Franco regime they assumed much more traditional and submissive roles such as those of wife, home-maker, mother, etc. Due to their resistance to the changes imposed by the Franco regime these women were detained and executed by firearm during the early morning of August 5, 1939; executed for the simple fact of being Republicans or “lefties,” who dared oppose the new authority. Nevertheless, in my analysis I establish that the horrific death of these thirteen women was not in vain. Subsequent to the death of General Francisco Franco in 1975, The Spanish people completely reject the doctrines imposed by Franco and returned to the values and convictions of the Second Republic. In this light, these thirteen women –the thirteen roses—gave their lives in exchange for the independence and liberation of contemporary Spanish women.
El presente proyecto trata del fusilamiento de 56 personas por el régimen de Franco a fines de la Guerra Civil Española. De los fusilados, trece eran mujeres, y varias de ellas menores de edad que en España contaba con 21 años. A estas trece mujeres se les ha dado el apodo de “las menores” o “las trece rosas;” siendo esta última él que se escucha más. Estas mujeres conocieron varios años de progreso con los derechos otorgados por la Constitución de La Segunda República, que garantizaban igualdad para todos, hombres tanto como mujeres. Tras ser independientes y libres durante La Segunda República, pasan a asumir roles mucho más tradicionales y sumisos durante el régimen de Franco: el rol de esposa, de ama de casa , de procreadora, etc. Por resistir los cambios fueron fusiladas la madrugada del 5 de agosto de 1939, solamente por el simple hecho de ser “rojas”, mujeres republicanas, quienes resistieron la represión del régimen de Franco. No obstante en mi investigación, demuestro que el fusilamiento de estas trece mujeres no fue en vano. A partir de la muerte de Franco en 1975, la población española rechaza las doctrinas impuestas por Franco y volvió a apoyar los valores de la Segunda República. Así que estas trece mujeres --las trece rosas-- dieron sus vidas por la independencia y la liberación de la mujer española contemporánea.
Evidence
PPT Spanish
PPT English
Capstone Paper
English Paper
This Capstone Project deals with the execution of 56 individuals by the Franco regime at the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Of those executed, thirteen were women, several of whom were considered to be minors, which in Spain was under the age of 21. Over time, these thirteen women have received the nicknames “las menores” (“the young women”) or “The Thirteen Roses,” the latter of which has been the preferred designation. These women experienced several years of progress under the Constitution of the Second Republic, which guaranteed equality for all, men as well as women. However, after having experienced independence and liberation during the Second Republic, under the Franco regime they assumed much more traditional and submissive roles such as those of wife, home-maker, mother, etc. Due to their resistance to the changes imposed by the Franco regime these women were detained and executed by firearm during the early morning of August 5, 1939; executed for the simple fact of being Republicans or “lefties,” who dared oppose the new authority. Nevertheless, in my analysis I establish that the horrific death of these thirteen women was not in vain. Subsequent to the death of General Francisco Franco in 1975, The Spanish people completely reject the doctrines imposed by Franco and returned to the values and convictions of the Second Republic. In this light, these thirteen women –the thirteen roses—gave their lives in exchange for the independence and liberation of contemporary Spanish women.
El presente proyecto trata del fusilamiento de 56 personas por el régimen de Franco a fines de la Guerra Civil Española. De los fusilados, trece eran mujeres, y varias de ellas menores de edad que en España contaba con 21 años. A estas trece mujeres se les ha dado el apodo de “las menores” o “las trece rosas;” siendo esta última él que se escucha más. Estas mujeres conocieron varios años de progreso con los derechos otorgados por la Constitución de La Segunda República, que garantizaban igualdad para todos, hombres tanto como mujeres. Tras ser independientes y libres durante La Segunda República, pasan a asumir roles mucho más tradicionales y sumisos durante el régimen de Franco: el rol de esposa, de ama de casa , de procreadora, etc. Por resistir los cambios fueron fusiladas la madrugada del 5 de agosto de 1939, solamente por el simple hecho de ser “rojas”, mujeres republicanas, quienes resistieron la represión del régimen de Franco. No obstante en mi investigación, demuestro que el fusilamiento de estas trece mujeres no fue en vano. A partir de la muerte de Franco en 1975, la población española rechaza las doctrinas impuestas por Franco y volvió a apoyar los valores de la Segunda República. Así que estas trece mujeres --las trece rosas-- dieron sus vidas por la independencia y la liberación de la mujer española contemporánea.
Evidence
PPT Spanish
PPT English
Capstone Paper
English Paper